Computing Model

The program performs a compatibility check already in the act of entering a single datum, controlling the type and the numeric value. This, however, is clearly insufficient to ensure the overall congruence of the data entered in relation to the basic theory of the calculation model and in relation to the internal rules of the structural reality representation. Through the "Generate Model" option from "Model" menu users can explicitly request the program to carry out a overall data control in order to identify and highlight any cases of inconsistency.

If some incompatibilities are detected the software gives warning messages. As usual, the alert window is synchronized with the other active windows: by clicking on the given message the other windows are repositioned on the related item (determining the warning message.) to make easier checking and editing operations.

Special Modelling

The organization of data is optimized for a framed structure with recurring layout of its elements. It is possible to have an easy description even for cases that deviate from this pattern.

Buildings with Staggered Slab

In the schematized situation, there will be 6 storeys (from 0 to 5). At each storey all the beams and slabs not present will be left with a null-type section (section 0). A section type will be assigned to the column, for each storey where it exists. During the data checking phase EDSIS will automatically recognize columns to merge so they can be treated as a single element. In the figure, the columns of the first and second storey will be merged to form a single element, with gross light equal to the sum of the two constituent columns, and that is affected by the movements of the slab to which it belongs.

Inter-floor Beams
The inter-floor beams are defined by assigning the floor difference to the end node of the beam. The presence of a staircase can be modeled by introducing the intermediate slab of the landing and defining two tilted beams, with slab difference respectively positive and negative, starting from the inter-floor landing and respectively reaching the slab above and below.

Slabs and Balconies
The slab is positioned as a function of the succession of column lines that define its outline. The program identifies the support beams on the basis of the orientation of the joists and recognizes the projecting supports. Eventual situations impossible from the structural point of are immediately recognized and the relative warning is given.

Cantilever slab on a beam	Slab resting on two beams

Stairways with projecting slab
Also for slab vertices can be assigned a difference of quote with respect to reference level and an additional vertical shift.

The vertical staggering of slabs make the description of stairways or roofs supported by projecting slabs possible and simple.

Structural Walls
The program lets users define the walls by assigning for the these a beam thickness that constitutes the capstone. In this case, the program automatically provides the definition of two end columns of the wall, if they have not already been defined by the user. The top beam can be completely incorporated into the wall by assigning to this wall the same thickness already defined for the beam section width.

This way of modelling structural walls has several advantages: first of all, it smartly solves problems relative to the beams orthogonally connected to the wall, as in the case of the "baionette" wall where the orthogonal beams can be connected to the lateral pillars. Secondly, the two lateral pillars represent the boundaries of the wall, which are notoriously sensitive, where it is good to have a stronger reinforcement. The modelling of a lift shaft is much easier as it's sufficient just to assign four pillars and let the walls grow between them, by defining their thickness in the sheet Data Elements Beams. Although it is possible to define the wall as a pillar with a suitable section, the previous procedure is warmly suggested because it will be achieved a better structural description, easier and more reliable. The program automatically generates the relative pillar collaborating with the structure in the longitudinal direction, but also computes the contributions in transversal direction.

Solid Display

The "Solid" display enables three-dimensional graphic viewing of the building and shows the elements, just as they have been modelled by the program. It allows easy checking of the entered data.

Pulsanti Azione

Display modes and the response of the drawing when the mouse moves are controlled by a series of option buttons. There are 4 different modes to control the movement of the object or the observer. The movement is activated by the left and right mouse buttons and is controlled by moving the mouse itself. At any time it is possible to recall the default display,, change the display options and activate the printing of the drawing already displayed.

	Activate the "Turn Object" mode		Vista animata modi dinamici
	Activate the "Helicopter" mode		Vista animata deformate statiche
	Funzione Centra		Vista animata deformate pushover
	Query and synchronizing between elements		Visualization of the effort maps
	Print drawing		Modify parameters of solid visualization

In questo modo la navigazione all'interno del modello diventa agevole ed espressiva fornendo uno strumento efficace per il controllo della corretta definizione della struttura.

Quering Elements in the Solid Model

A distinctive feature of Edisis is the ability to synchronize all the active windows after a selection or an editing action. In EDISIS v. 9 this feature has been further enhanced giving the ability to select the elements shown in solid visualization. After activating the selection mode, the selection of one element causes the indication of the selected element on the state bar and synchronization of all active views.

As for other visualization windows, the visualization details cab be customized by assigning some parameters contained in dialog Visualization Options.

By means a set of check-boxes is possible to activate or not all the elements present at a certain level. So the model can be easily checked.

Visualization of the dynamic simulation

Once analysis is done, it's possible to display the animation view of vibration modes, the deformation shapes due to static loads and the ones achived at s.l. limit states as estimated by pushover analysis. The animation provides a sintetic overview of structure response in the different conditions analyzed, helpful for a better design of the structure. In all cases, users can quickly change the view mode by clicking on the buttons "Back" and "Next" in the task bar.

Vibration modes in dynamic sismic analysis or Deformation shapes in static sismic analysis
If the analysis has been effectuated in seismic zone, with a button users can view the dynamic behavior of the building. All displayed modes and relating participation factors provide users with a overall picture of the dynamic response of the structure. An attentive view of single modes also provide additional useful information to refine the design.

Deformation modes due to static loads
After the analysis, using the button users can view the behavior of the building under static loads. There are obvious situations of excessive deformation, not desired.

Deformation modes at limit state provided from pushover analysis
If it has been effectuated static nonlinear pushover analysis, with the button user can view the deformation modes corresponding to the attainment of the s.l. state limit. In questo caso i riferimenti del modo visualizzato sono la direzione sismica (espressa come angolo antiorario rispetto all'asse x) e la distribuzione delle accelerazioni sull'altezza del fabbricato (costante o lineare sull'altezza). It is useful scroll the differents modes and view the structural behavior al variare della direzione sismica e dell'ipotesi di distribuzione delle accelerazioni. La visualizzazione segnala i meccanismi secondo cui la struttura raggiunge il collasso e permette di riconoscere gli elementi più fortemente coinvolti; fornendo informazioni direttamente utili ad un migliore dimensionamento.

Effort Mappings

By clicking on the "Effort Mapping" buttons it will be displayed a panel letting users choose amoung 8 effort maps:

	percentage of reinforcement
	Referring stresses for single load condition
	Referring stresses for single load combination
	Stresses for single load combination
	iron's allowable stress for single load combination
	Relations between reached slides / available slides at limit state of damage
	Relations between reached ductility / available ductility at limit state of safeguard life
	Relations between reached ductility / available ductility at limit state of collapse

Reinforcement Percentage Mappings
This option lets users view in the solid model the state of reinforcement design for all elements designed. The parameter used is the longitudinal reinforcement percentage considering the overall section area. For example, with the default colors will be displayed in red the reinforced elements and and in blue the less reinforced ones.

All, as usual, will be syncronized with the rest of the software, so that any additional changes made on irons are immediately updated and displayed.

Map of Referring Stresses for single load Condition/Combination
In this options, the reference stress is the maximum compression stress estimated with Navier formula on the element section considered elastic and fully reagent. The Effort parameter is obtained as ratio between this stress and the maximum compressive strength of concrete. This parameter, not directly connected to design outcomes, is very effective in detecting sections oversized or undersized compared to others. This type of map is available for the different load conditions or load combinations contemplated in regulatory system used.

Color Map of Stresses in Concrete and Steel Reinforcements due to Loading Condition

These options let users view the situation in the solid model the stase of analysis, for both concrete and iron, in all elements and for loading combinatin. These two maps are referred to the stresses present in materials, as derived from the analysis procedures. In particular for concrete we refer to the maximum compressive stress and the iron at the maximum tensile stress, registered in the element for the current combined load. In both cases the effort parameter is assessed as the ratio between the maximum stress and the corresponding limit state stress, evaluated for the material according to regulations.  

Effort map at limit state of damage, safeguard life and collapse
These options allow users to view in the solid model the effort reached in the elements at the limit states points of nonlinear pushover analysis, if this is done.

In the case of damage limit state the effort consists of ratio between horizontal sliding achieved in the mesh frame (relative displacement of interpolation) and the limit state sliding set for this state limit.

The display of this effort is imputated to the upper beam column of the mesh frame.

Per gli stati limite di salvaguardia vita e collasso l'impegno è rappresentato dal rapporto fra la duttilità raggiunta e quella disponibile. Più in particolare, l'impegno di duttilità è espresso come il massimo dei rapporti raggiunti nell'elemento fra le rotazioni plastiche e le rotazioni limite, in corrispondenza dello stato limite selezionato.

For the limit state of collapse and safeguard, the effort is represented by the ratio between the achieved ductility and the one available. More specifically, the ductility effort is expressed as the maximum ratio achieved in the element amoung the plastic rotations and limit state rotations, in corresponding to limit state selected.

If we indicate with:
"u" lo scorrimento raggiunto nella maglia di telaio,
"ud" lo scorrimento limite assegnato per lo stato limite di danno,
"r" la rotazione plastica in una particolare sezione dell'elemento,
"ry" la rotazione limite di snervamento valutata per quella sezione,
"ru" la rotazione limite di collasso valutata per quella sezione,

gli impegni di duttilità sono espressi come:
iDL = u/ud impegno al limite SLD sullo scorrimento orizzontale,
iDS = r/ru impegno al limite SLV vita sulla duttilità,
iCO = r/ru impegno al limite SLC sulla duttilità

Solid Visualization Effects

By clicking on the button the dialog box containing the WOpenGL" visualization settings is displayed, through which it is possible to change the scene light, the brightness, the fog density.

It is also possible to define the colors used to show the effort of the elements by changing the color relative to the maximum, medium and minimum values.